De Rerum Natura
Lucretius
Lucretius. De Rerum Natura. William Ellery Leonard. E. P. Dutton. 1916.
- And since the mind is of a man one part,
- Which in one fixed place remains, like ears,
- And eyes, and every sense which pilots life;
- And just as hand, or eye, or nose, apart,
- Severed from us, can neither feel nor be,
- But in the least of time is left to rot,
- Thus mind alone can never be, without
- The body and the man himself, which seems,
- As 'twere the vessel of the same- or aught
- Whate'er thou'lt feign as yet more closely joined:
- Since body cleaves to mind by surest bonds.
- Again, the body's and the mind's live powers
- Only in union prosper and enjoy;
- For neither can nature of mind, alone of self
- Sans body, give the vital motions forth;
- Nor, then, can body, wanting soul, endure
- And use the senses. Verily, as the eye,
- Alone, up-rended from its roots, apart
- From all the body, can peer about at naught,
- So soul and mind it seems are nothing able,
- When by themselves. No marvel, because, commixed
- Through veins and inwards, and through bones and thews,
- Their elements primordial are confined
- By all the body, and own no power free
- To bound around through interspaces big,
- Thus, shut within these confines, they take on
- Motions of sense, which, after death, thrown out
- Beyond the body to the winds of air,
- Take on they cannot- and on this account,
- Because no more in such a way confined.
- For air will be a body, be alive,
- If in that air the soul can keep itself,
- And in that air enclose those motions all
- Which in the thews and in the body itself
- A while ago 'twas making. So for this,
- Again, again, I say confess we must,
- That, when the body's wrappings are unwound,
- And when the vital breath is forced without,
- The soul, the senses of the mind dissolve,-
- Since for the twain the cause and ground of life
- Is in the fact of their conjoined estate.
- Once more, since body's unable to sustain
- Division from the soul, without decay
- And obscene stench, how canst thou doubt but that
- The soul, uprisen from the body's deeps,
- Has filtered away, wide-drifted like a smoke,
- Or that the changed body crumbling fell
- With ruin so entire, because, indeed,
- Its deep foundations have been moved from place,
- The soul out-filtering even through the frame,
- And through the body's every winding way
- And orifice? And so by many means
- Thou'rt free to learn that nature of the soul
- Hath passed in fragments out along the frame,
- And that 'twas shivered in the very body
- Ere ever it slipped abroad and swam away
- Into the winds of air.
- For never a man
- Dying appears to feel the soul go forth
- As one sure whole from all his body at once,
- Nor first come up the throat and into mouth;
- But feels it failing in a certain spot,
- Even as he knows the senses too dissolve
- Each in its own location in the frame.
- But were this mind of ours immortal mind,
- Dying 'twould scarce bewail a dissolution,
- But rather the going, the leaving of its coat,
- Like to a snake. Wherefore, when once the body
- Hath passed away, admit we must that soul,
- Shivered in all that body, perished too.
- Nay, even when moving in the bounds of life,
- Often the soul, now tottering from some cause,
- Craves to go out, and from the frame entire
- Loosened to be; the countenance becomes
- Flaccid, as if the supreme hour were there;
- And flabbily collapse the members all
- Against the bloodless trunk- the kind of case
- We see when we remark in common phrase,
- "That man's quite gone," or "fainted dead away";
- And where there's now a bustle of alarm,
- And all are eager to get some hold upon
- The man's last link of life. For then the mind
- And all the power of soul are shook so sore,
- And these so totter along with all the frame,
- That any cause a little stronger might
- Dissolve them altogether.- Why, then, doubt
- That soul, when once without the body thrust,
- There in the open, an enfeebled thing,
- Its wrappings stripped away, cannot endure
- Not only through no everlasting age,
- But even, indeed, through not the least of time?
- Then, too, why never is the intellect,
- The counselling mind, begotten in the head,
- The feet, the hands, instead of cleaving still
- To one sole seat, to one fixed haunt, the breast,
- If not that fixed places be assigned
- For each thing's birth, where each, when 'tis create,
- Is able to endure, and that our frames
- Have such complex adjustments that no shift
- In order of our members may appear?
- To that degree effect succeeds to cause,
- Nor is the flame once wont to be create
- In flowing streams, nor cold begot in fire.