De Rerum Natura
Lucretius
Lucretius. De Rerum Natura. William Ellery Leonard. E. P. Dutton. 1916.
- Wherefore it seems that soul
- Hath both a natal and funeral hour.
- Besides are seeds of soul there left behind
- In the breathless body, or not? If there they are,
- It cannot justly be immortal deemed,
- Since, shorn of some parts lost, 'thas gone away:
- But if, borne off with members uncorrupt,
- 'Thas fled so absolutely all away
- It leaves not one remainder of itself
- Behind in body, whence do cadavers, then,
- From out their putrid flesh exhale the worms,
- And whence does such a mass of living things,
- Boneless and bloodless, o'er the bloated frame
- Bubble and swarm? But if perchance thou thinkest
- That souls from outward into worms can wind,
- And each into a separate body come,
- And reckonest not why many thousand souls
- Collect where only one has gone away,
- Here is a point, in sooth, that seems to need
- Inquiry and a putting to the test:
- Whether the souls go on a hunt for seeds
- Of worms wherewith to build their dwelling places,
- Or enter bodies ready-made, as 'twere.
- But why themselves they thus should do and toil
- 'Tis hard to say, since, being free of body,
- They flit around, harassed by no disease,
- Nor cold nor famine; for the body labours
- By more of kinship to these flaws of life,
- And mind by contact with that body suffers
- So many ills. But grant it be for them
- However useful to construct a body
- To which to enter in, 'tis plain they can't.
- Then, souls for self no frames nor bodies make,
- Nor is there how they once might enter in
- To bodies ready-made- for they cannot
- Be nicely interwoven with the same,
- And there'll be formed no interplay of sense
- Common to each.
- Again, why is't there goes
- Impetuous rage with lion's breed morose,
- And cunning with foxes, and to deer why given
- The ancestral fear and tendency to flee,
- And why in short do all the rest of traits
- Engender from the very start of life
- In the members and mentality, if not
- Because one certain power of mind that came
- From its own seed and breed waxes the same
- Along with all the body? But were mind
- Immortal, were it wont to change its bodies,
- How topsy-turvy would earth's creatures act!
- The Hyrcan hound would flee the onset oft
- Of antlered stag, the scurrying hawk would quake
- Along the winds of air at the coming dove,
- And men would dote, and savage beasts be wise;
- For false the reasoning of those that say
- Immortal mind is changed by change of body-
- For what is changed dissolves, and therefore dies.
- For parts are re-disposed and leave their order;
- Wherefore they must be also capable
- Of dissolution through the frame at last,
- That they along with body perish all.
- But should some say that always souls of men
- Go into human bodies, I will ask:
- How can a wise become a dullard soul?
- And why is never a child's a prudent soul?
- And the mare's filly why not trained so well
- As sturdy strength of steed? We may be sure
- They'll take their refuge in the thought that mind
- Becomes a weakling in a weakling frame.
- Yet be this so, 'tis needful to confess
- The soul but mortal, since, so altered now
- Throughout the frame, it loses the life and sense
- It had before. Or how can mind wax strong
- Coequally with body and attain
- The craved flower of life, unless it be
- The body's colleague in its origins?
- Or what's the purport of its going forth
- From aged limbs?- fears it, perhaps, to stay,
- Pent in a crumbled body? Or lest its house,
- Outworn by venerable length of days,
- May topple down upon it? But indeed
- For an immortal perils are there none.