De Rerum Natura
Lucretius
Lucretius. De Rerum Natura. William Ellery Leonard. E. P. Dutton. 1916.
- Mind and soul,
- I say, are held conjoined one with other,
- And form one single nature of themselves;
- But chief and regnant through the frame entire
- Is still that counsel which we call the mind,
- And that cleaves seated in the midmost breast.
- Here leap dismay and terror; round these haunts
- Be blandishments of joys; and therefore here
- The intellect, the mind. The rest of soul,
- Throughout the body scattered, but obeys-
- Moved by the nod and motion of the mind.
- This, for itself, sole through itself, hath thought;
- This for itself hath mirth, even when the thing
- That moves it, moves nor soul nor body at all.
- And as, when head or eye in us is smit
- By assailing pain, we are not tortured then
- Through all the body, so the mind alone
- Is sometimes smitten, or livens with a joy,
- Whilst yet the soul's remainder through the limbs
- And through the frame is stirred by nothing new.
- But when the mind is moved by shock more fierce,
- We mark the whole soul suffering all at once
- Along man's members: sweats and pallors spread
- Over the body, and the tongue is broken,
- And fails the voice away, and ring the ears,
- Mists blind the eyeballs, and the joints collapse,-
- Aye, men drop dead from terror of the mind.
- Hence, whoso will can readily remark
- That soul conjoined is with mind, and, when
- 'Tis strook by influence of the mind, forthwith
- In turn it hits and drives the body too.
- And this same argument establisheth
- That nature of mind and soul corporeal is:
- For when 'tis seen to drive the members on,
- To snatch from sleep the body, and to change
- The countenance, and the whole state of man
- To rule and turn,- what yet could never be
- Sans contact, and sans body contact fails-
- Must we not grant that mind and soul consist
- Of a corporeal nature?- And besides
- Thou markst that likewise with this body of ours
- Suffers the mind and with our body feels.
- If the dire speed of spear that cleaves the bones
- And bares the inner thews hits not the life,
- Yet follows a fainting and a foul collapse,
- And, on the ground, dazed tumult in the mind,
- And whiles a wavering will to rise afoot.
- So nature of mind must be corporeal, since
- From stroke and spear corporeal 'tis in throes.
- Now, of what body, what components formed
- Is this same mind I will go on to tell.
- First, I aver, 'tis superfine, composed
- Of tiniest particles- that such the fact
- Thou canst perceive, if thou attend, from this:
- Nothing is seen to happen with such speed
- As what the mind proposes and begins;
- Therefore the same bestirs itself more swiftly
- Than aught whose nature's palpable to eyes.
- But what's so agile must of seeds consist
- Most round, most tiny, that they may be moved,
- When hit by impulse slight. So water moves,
- In waves along, at impulse just the least-
- Being create of little shapes that roll;
- But, contrariwise, the quality of honey
- More stable is, its liquids more inert,
- More tardy its flow; for all its stock of matter
- Cleaves more together, since, indeed, 'tis made
- Of atoms not so smooth, so fine, and round.
- For the light breeze that hovers yet can blow
- High heaps of poppy-seed away for thee
- Downward from off the top; but, contrariwise,
- A pile of stones or spiny ears of wheat
- It can't at all. Thus, in so far as bodies
- Are small and smooth, is their mobility;
- But, contrariwise, the heavier and more rough,
- The more immovable they prove. Now, then,
- Since nature of mind is movable so much,
- Consist it must of seeds exceeding small
- And smooth and round. Which fact once known to thee,
- Good friend, will serve thee opportune in else.
- This also shows the nature of the same,
- How nice its texture, in how small a space
- 'Twould go, if once compacted as a pellet:
- When death's unvexed repose gets hold on man
- And mind and soul retire, thou markest there
- From the whole body nothing ta'en in form,
- Nothing in weight. Death grants ye everything,
- But vital sense and exhalation hot.
- Thus soul entire must be of smallmost seeds,
- Twined through the veins, the vitals, and the thews,
- Seeing that, when 'tis from whole body gone,
- The outward figuration of the limbs
- Is unimpaired and weight fails not a whit.
- Just so, when vanished the bouquet of wine,
- Or when an unguent's perfume delicate
- Into the winds away departs, or when
- From any body savour's gone, yet still
- The thing itself seems minished naught to eyes,
- Thereby, nor aught abstracted from its weight-
- No marvel, because seeds many and minute
- Produce the savours and the redolence
- In the whole body of the things.