Noctes Atticae
Gellius, Aulus
Gellius, Aulus. The Attic Nights of Aulus Gellius. Rolfe, John C., translator. Cambridge, Mass.; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann, 1927 (printing).
Who was the first of all to establish a public library; and how many books there were in the public libraries at Athens before the Persian invasions.
THE tyrant Pisistratus is said to have been the first to establish at Athens a public library of books relating to the liberal arts. Then the Athenians themselves added to this collection with considerable diligence and care; but later Xerxes, when he got possession of Athens and burned the entire city except the citadel, [*](In 480 B.C.) removed that whole collection of books and carried them off to Persia. Finally, a long time afterwards, king Seleucus, who was surnamed Nicanor, had all those books taken back to Athens.
At a later time an enormous quantity of books, nearly seven hundred thousand volumes, was either acquired or written [*](i.e. copied from other manuscripts.) in Egypt under the kings known as Ptolemies; but these were all burned during the sack of the city in our first war with Alexandria, [*](In 48 B.C. By no means all of the Alexandrian Library was destroyed at that time, and the losses were made good, at least in part, by Antony in 41 B.C. A part of the library was burned under Aurelian, in A.D. 272, and the destruction seems to have been completed in 391.) not intentionally or by anyone's order, but accidentally by the auxiliary soldiers.