De Rerum Natura
Lucretius
Lucretius. De Rerum Natura. William Ellery Leonard. E. P. Dutton. 1916.
- First, stream there must from off the lode-stone seeds
- Innumerable, a very tide, which smites
- By blows that air asunder lying betwixt
- The stone and iron. And when is emptied out
- This space, and a large place between the two
- Is made a void, forthwith the primal germs
- Of iron, headlong slipping, fall conjoined
- Into the vacuum, and the ring itself
- By reason thereof doth follow after and go
- Thuswise with all its body. And naught there is
- That of its own primordial elements
- More thoroughly knit or tighter linked coheres
- Than nature and cold roughness of stout iron.
- Wherefore, 'tis less a marvel what I said,
- That from such elements no bodies can
- From out the iron collect in larger throng
- And be into the vacuum borne along,
- Without the ring itself do follow after.
- And this it does, and followeth on until
- 'Thath reached the stone itself and cleaved to it
- By links invisible. Moreover, likewise,
- The motion's assisted by a thing of aid
- (Whereby the process easier becomes),-
- Namely, by this: as soon as rarer grows
- That air in front of the ring, and space between
- Is emptied more and made a void, forthwith
- It happens all the air that lies behind
- Conveys it onward, pushing from the rear.
- For ever doth the circumambient air
- Drub things unmoved, but here it pushes forth
- The iron, because upon one side the space
- Lies void and thus receives the iron in.
- This air, whereof I am reminding thee,
- Winding athrough the iron's abundant pores
- So subtly into the tiny parts thereof,
- Shoves it and pushes, as wind the ship and sails.
- The same doth happen in all directions forth:
- From whatso side a space is made a void,
- Whether from crosswise or above, forthwith
- The neighbour particles are borne along
- Into the vacuum; for of verity,
- They're set a-going by poundings from elsewhere,
- Nor by themselves of own accord can they
- Rise upwards into the air. Again, all things
- Must in their framework hold some air, because
- They are of framework porous, and the air
- Encompasses and borders on all things.
- Thus, then, this air in iron so deeply stored
- Is tossed evermore in vexed motion,
- And therefore drubs upon the ring sans doubt
- And shakes it up inside....
- . . . . . .
- In sooth, that ring is thither borne along
- To where 'thas once plunged headlong- thither, lo,
- Unto the void whereto it took its start.
- It happens, too, at times that nature of iron
- Shrinks from this stone away, accustomed
- By turns to flee and follow. Yea, I've seen
- Those Samothracian iron rings leap up,
- And iron filings in the brazen bowls
- Seethe furiously, when underneath was set
- The magnet stone. So strongly iron seems
- To crave to flee that rock. Such discord great
- Is gendered by the interposed brass,
- Because, forsooth, when first the tide of brass
- Hath seized upon and held possession of
- The iron's open passage-ways, thereafter
- Cometh the tide of the stone, and in that iron
- Findeth all spaces full, nor now hath holes
- To swim through, as before. 'Tis thus constrained
- With its own current 'gainst the iron's fabric
- To dash and beat; by means whereof it spues
- Forth from itself- and through the brass stirs up-
- The things which otherwise without the brass
- It sucks into itself. In these affairs
- Marvel thou not that from this stone the tide
- Prevails not likewise other things to move
- With its own blows: for some stand firm by weight,
- As gold; and some cannot be moved forever,
- Because so porous in their framework they
- That there the tide streams through without a break,
- Of which sort stuff of wood is seen to be.
- Therefore, when iron (which lies between the two)
- Hath taken in some atoms of the brass,
- Then do the streams of that Magnesian rock
- Move iron by their smitings.
- Yet these things
- Are not so alien from others, that I
- Of this same sort am ill prepared to name
- Ensamples still of things exclusively
- To one another adapt. Thou seest, first,
- How lime alone cementeth stones: how wood
- Only by glue-of-bull with wood is joined-
- So firmly too that oftener the boards
- Crack open along the weakness of the grain
- Ere ever those taurine bonds will lax their hold.
- The vine-born juices with the water-springs
- Are bold to mix, though not the heavy pitch
- With the light oil-of-olive. And purple dye
- Of shell-fish so uniteth with the wool's
- Body alone that it cannot be ta'en
- Away forever- nay, though thou gavest toil
- To restore the same with the Neptunian flood,
- Nay, though all ocean willed to wash it out
- With all its waves. Again, gold unto gold
- Doth not one substance bind, and only one?
- And is not brass by tin joined unto brass?
- And other ensamples how many might one find!
- What then? Nor is there unto thee a need
- Of such long ways and roundabout, nor boots it
- For me much toil on this to spend. More fit
- It is in few words briefly to embrace
- Things many: things whose textures fall together
- So mutually adapt, that cavities
- To solids correspond, these cavities
- Of this thing to the solid parts of that,
- And those of that to solid parts of this-
- Such joinings are the best. Again, some things
- Can be the one with other coupled and held,
- Linked by hooks and eyes, as 'twere; and this
- Seems more the fact with iron and this stone.