De Rerum Natura
Lucretius
Lucretius. De Rerum Natura. William Ellery Leonard. E. P. Dutton. 1916.
- Lest, perchance,
- Concerning these affairs thou ponderest
- In silent meditation, let me say
- 'Twas lightning brought primevally to earth
- The fire for mortals, and from thence hath spread
- O'er all the lands the flames of heat. For thus
- Even now we see so many objects, touched
- By the celestial flames, to flash aglow,
- When thunderbolt has dowered them with heat.
- Yet also when a many-branched tree,
- Beaten by winds, writhes swaying to and fro,
- Pressing 'gainst branches of a neighbour tree,
- There by the power of mighty rub and rub
- Is fire engendered; and at times out-flares
- The scorching heat of flame, when boughs do chafe
- Against the trunks. And of these causes, either
- May well have given to mortal men the fire.
- Next, food to cook and soften in the flame
- The sun instructed, since so oft they saw
- How objects mellowed, when subdued by warmth
- And by the raining blows of fiery beams,
- Through all the fields.
- And more and more each day
- Would men more strong in sense, more wise in heart,
- Teach them to change their earlier mode and life
- By fire and new devices. Kings began
- Cities to found and citadels to set,
- As strongholds and asylums for themselves,
- And flocks and fields to portion for each man
- After the beauty, strength, and sense of each-
- For beauty then imported much, and strength
- Had its own rights supreme. Thereafter, wealth
- Discovered was, and gold was brought to light,
- Which soon of honour stripped both strong and fair;
- For men, however beautiful in form
- Or valorous, will follow in the main
- The rich man's party. Yet were man to steer
- His life by sounder reasoning, he'd own
- Abounding riches, if with mind content
- He lived by thrift; for never, as I guess,
- Is there a lack of little in the world.
- But men wished glory for themselves and power
- Even that their fortunes on foundations firm
- Might rest forever, and that they themselves,
- The opulent, might pass a quiet life-
- In vain, in vain; since, in the strife to climb
- On to the heights of honour, men do make
- Their pathway terrible; and even when once
- They reach them, envy like the thunderbolt
- At times will smite, O hurling headlong down
- To murkiest Tartarus, in scorn; for, lo,
- All summits, all regions loftier than the rest,
- Smoke, blasted as by envy's thunderbolts;
- So better far in quiet to obey,
- Than to desire chief mastery of affairs
- And ownership of empires. Be it so;
- And let the weary sweat their life-blood out
- All to no end, battling in hate along
- The narrow path of man's ambition;
- Since all their wisdom is from others' lips,
- And all they seek is known from what they've heard
- And less from what they've thought. Nor is this folly
- Greater to-day, nor greater soon to be,
- Than' twas of old.
- And therefore kings were slain,
- And pristine majesty of golden thrones
- And haughty sceptres lay o'erturned in dust;
- And crowns, so splendid on the sovereign heads,
- Soon bloody under the proletarian feet,
- Groaned for their glories gone- for erst o'er-much
- Dreaded, thereafter with more greedy zest
- Trampled beneath the rabble heel. Thus things
- Down to the vilest lees of brawling mobs
- Succumbed, whilst each man sought unto himself
- Dominion and supremacy. So next
- Some wiser heads instructed men to found
- The magisterial office, and did frame
- Codes that they might consent to follow laws.
- For humankind, o'er wearied with a life
- Fostered by force, was ailing from its feuds;
- And so the sooner of its own free will
- Yielded to laws and strictest codes. For since
- Each hand made ready in its wrath to take
- A vengeance fiercer than by man's fair laws
- Is now conceded, men on this account
- Loathed the old life fostered by force. 'Tis thence
- That fear of punishments defiles each prize
- Of wicked days; for force and fraud ensnare
- Each man around, and in the main recoil
- On him from whence they sprung. Not easy 'tis
- For one who violates by ugly deeds
- The bonds of common peace to pass a life
- Composed and tranquil. For albeit he 'scape
- The race of gods and men, he yet must dread
- 'Twill not be hid forever- since, indeed,
- So many, oft babbling on amid their dreams
- Or raving in sickness, have betrayed themselves
- (As stories tell) and published at last
- Old secrets and the sins.