De Rerum Natura
Lucretius
Lucretius. De Rerum Natura. William Ellery Leonard. E. P. Dutton. 1916.
- In these affairs
- We crave that thou wilt passionately flee
- The one offence, and anxiously wilt shun
- The error of presuming the clear lights
- Of eyes created were that we might see;
- Or thighs and knees, aprop upon the feet,
- Thuswise can bended be, that we might step
- With goodly strides ahead; or forearms joined
- Unto the sturdy uppers, or serving hands
- On either side were given, that we might do
- Life's own demands. All such interpretation
- Is aft-for-fore with inverse reasoning,
- Since naught is born in body so that we
- May use the same, but birth engenders use:
- No seeing ere the lights of eyes were born,
- No speaking ere the tongue created was;
- But origin of tongue came long before
- Discourse of words, and ears created were
- Much earlier than any sound was heard;
- And all the members, so meseems, were there
- Before they got their use: and therefore, they
- Could not be gendered for the sake of use.
- But contrariwise, contending in the fight
- With hand to hand, and rending of the joints,
- And fouling of the limbs with gore, was there,
- O long before the gleaming spears ere flew;
- And nature prompted man to shun a wound,
- Before the left arm by the aid of art
- Opposed the shielding targe. And, verily,
- Yielding the weary body to repose,
- Far ancienter than cushions of soft beds,
- And quenching thirst is earlier than cups.
- These objects, therefore, which for use and life
- Have been devised, can be conceived as found
- For sake of using. But apart from such
- Are all which first were born and afterwards
- Gave knowledge of their own utility-
- Chief in which sort we note the senses, limbs:
- Wherefore, again, 'tis quite beyond thy power
- To hold that these could thus have been create
- For office of utility.
- Likewise,
- 'Tis nothing strange that all the breathing creatures
- Seek, even by nature of their frame, their food.
- Yes, since I've taught thee that from off the things
- Stream and depart innumerable bodies
- In modes innumerable too; but most
- Must be the bodies streaming from the living-
- Which bodies, vexed by motion evermore,
- Are through the mouth exhaled innumerable,
- When weary creatures pant, or through the sweat
- Squeezed forth innumerable from deep within.
- Thus body rarefies, so undermined
- In all its nature, and pain attends its state.
- And so the food is taken to underprop
- The tottering joints, and by its interfusion
- To re-create their powers, and there stop up
- The longing, open-mouthed through limbs and veins,
- For eating. And the moist no less departs
- Into all regions that demand the moist;
- And many heaped-up particles of hot,
- Which cause such burnings in these bellies of ours,
- The liquid on arriving dissipates
- And quenches like a fire, that parching heat
- No longer now can scorch the frame. And so,
- Thou seest how panting thirst is washed away
- From off our body, how the hunger-pang
- It, too, appeased.
- Now, how it comes that we,
- Whene'er we wish, can step with strides ahead,
- And how 'tis given to move our limbs about,
- And what device is wont to push ahead
- This the big load of our corporeal frame,
- I'll say to thee- do thou attend what's said.
- I say that first some idol-films of walking
- Into our mind do fall and smite the mind,
- As said before. Thereafter will arises;
- For no one starts to do a thing, before
- The intellect previsions what it wills;
- And what it there pre-visioneth depends
- On what that image is. When, therefore, mind
- Doth so bestir itself that it doth will
- To go and step along, it strikes at once
- That energy of soul that's sown about
- In all the body through the limbs and frame-
- And this is easy of performance, since
- The soul is close conjoined with the mind.
- Next, soul in turn strikes body, and by degrees
- Thus the whole mass is pushed along and moved.
- Then too the body rarefies, and air,
- Forsooth as ever of such nimbleness,
- Comes on and penetrates aboundingly
- Through opened pores, and thus is sprinkled round
- Unto all smallest places in our frame.
- Thus then by these twain factors, severally,
- Body is borne like ship with oars and wind.
- Nor yet in these affairs is aught for wonder
- That particles so fine can whirl around
- So great a body and turn this weight of ours;
- For wind, so tenuous with its subtle body,
- Yet pushes, driving on the mighty ship
- Of mighty bulk; one hand directs the same,
- Whatever its momentum, and one helm
- Whirls it around, whither ye please; and loads,
- Many and huge, are moved and hoisted high
- By enginery of pulley-blocks and wheels,
- With but light strain.