History of the Peloponnesian War

After the Athenians had heard his words they were won to his view, and they began to bring in from the fields their children and wives, and also their household furniture, pulling down even the woodwork of the houses themselves; but sheep and draught-animals they sent over to Euboea and the adjacent islands.

And the removal was a hard thing for them to accept, because most of them had always been used to live in the country.

And this kind of life had been the characteristic of the Athenians, more than of any other Hellenes, from the very earliest times. For in the time of Cecrops and the earliest kings down to Theseus, Attica had been divided into separate towns, each with its town hall and magistrates, and so long as they had nothing to fear they did not come together to consult with the king, but separately administered their own affairs and took counsel for themselves. Sometimes they even made war upon the king, as, for example, the Eleusinians with Eumolpus did upon Erechtheus.

But when Theseus became king and proved himself a powerful as well as a prudent ruler, he not only re-organized the country in other respects, but abolished the councils and magistracies of the minor towns and brought all their inhabitants into union with what is now the city, establishing a single council and town hall, and compelled them, while continuing to occupy each his own lands as before, to use Athens as the sole capital. This became a great city, since all were now paying their taxes to it,[*](Others render: since all were now counted as belonging to it.) and was such when Theseus handed it down to his successors.

And from his time even to this day the Athenians have celebrated at the public expense a festival called the Synoecia,[*]("Feast of the Union," celebrated on the sixteenth of the month Hecatombaeon.) in honour of the goddess. Before this[*](i.e. before the Synoecismus, or union of Attica under Theseus.) what is now the Acropolis was the city, together with the region at the foot of the Acropolis toward the south.