History of the Peloponnesian War

Now the Samians did indeed put up a sea-fight for a short time, but they were unable to hold out, and in the ninth month[*](439 B.C.) were reduced by siege and agreed to a capitulation, pulling down their walls, giving hostages, delivering over their ships, and consenting to pay back by instalments the money spent upon the siege. The Byzantines too came to terms, agreeing to be subjects as before.

It was not many years[*](Hardly four years, since the naval battle between the Corcyraeans and Corinthians seems to have occurred 435 B.C.) after this that the events already narrated occurred, namely the Corcyraean affair,[*](1.24-1.40.) the Potidaean,[*](1.54-1.66.) and all the other incidents[*](The transactions in the Spartan assembly, 1.67-1.88. lxxxviii.) that furnished an occasion for this war.

And all these operations of the Hellenes, against one another and against the Barbarian, took place in the interval of about fifty years between the retreat of Xerxes and the beginning of this war.[*](479-432 B.C.)It was in this period that the Athenians established their rule more firmly and themselves advanced to great power. And the Lacedaemonians, though aware of their growing power, made no attempt to check it, except to a trifling extent, remaining indifferent the greater part of the time, since they had never been quick to go to war except under compulsion, and in this case were in some degree precluded from interference by wars of their own.[*](The Helot rebellion, 1.101.)But at last the power of the Athenians began clearly to exalt itself and they were laying hands upon their allies. Then the Lacedaemonians could bear it no longer, but determined that they must attack the Athenian power with all zeal and overthrow it, if they could, by undertaking this war. The Lacedaemonians themselves, then,[*](Resuming the narrative interrupted at the end of Thuc. 1.88.) had decided that the treaty had been broken and that the Athenians were in the wrong, and sending to Delphi they asked the god if it would be advisable for them to go to war.

The god answered them, as it is said, that if they warred with all their might, victory would be theirs, and said that he himself would help them, whether invoked or uninvoked.

But they wished to summon their allies again and put[*](432 B.C.) to them the question whether they should go to war. And when the envoys from the allies had come and an assembly was held, the others said what they wished, most of them complaining of the Athenians and demanding that the war should be entered upon, and especially the Corinthians. They had already, before the meeting, privately begged the allies city by city to vote for the war, fearing lest Potidaea would be destroyed before help came, and now, being also present at this meeting, they came forward last of all and spoke as follows: